![]() ![]() In this context, the fundamental question is whether rhythm analysis improves CPR delivery compared to the standard treatment, that is, cycles of 2 minutes of uninterrupted CPR followed by a hands-off interval for rhythm assessment. This does not reflect the real application scenario in which the objective would be to continuously analyze the rhythm during CPR. The current evaluation standard is based on the sensitivity and specificity of a single analysis using short duration (10–20 s) segments. In addition, the impact these methods would have on CPR delivery is unknown. As Li and Tang phrased it back in 2009, performance is good but not enough. However, the specificity rarely exceeds 85%, well below the 95% AHA goal. Most studies report sensitivities above 90%, the minimum value recommended by the AHA for AED performance. Strategies have focused either on adaptive filters to suppress the CPR artifact or, more recently, on approaches based on the direct analysis of the corrupted ECG. Over the last 15 years, many efforts have been made to reliably analyze the rhythm during CPR. Therefore, reliable rhythm analysis methods during chest compressions would be of great value. In fact, a recent multicenter study found an 18% decrease in survival to hospital discharge for every 5 s increase in preshock pause length. These interruptions, known as hands-off intervals, adversely affect the probability of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after the delivery of the shock and compromise circulation. Interruptions for rhythm analysis alone take between 5.2 s and 28.4 s in commercial AEDs. The mechanical activity from the chest compressions introduces artifacts in the ECG that substantially lower the capacity of an AED’s shock advice algorithm (SAA) to detect shockable (sensitivity) and nonshockable (specificity) rhythms. However, CPR must be interrupted for a reliable AED rhythm analysis. Consequently, current resuscitation guidelines emphasize the importance of high-quality CPR with minimal interruptions in chest compressions. ![]() Over the years, evidence has accumulated suggesting that minimizing the interruptions in chest compressions during CPR is determinant for survival from OHCA. CPR and defibrillation can be successfully taught to laypeople, and the use of automated external defibrillators (AED) by the public may shorten the time to defibrillation. Survival from witnessed ventricular fibrillation (VF) decreases by 10–12% for every minute defibrillation is delayed, but when CPR is provided the decline in survival is only 3-4% per minute. ![]() The most influential factor explaining survival is the interaction between CPR and defibrillation administered in the first minutes from collapse. The chain of survival involves four links: early recognition, early bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), early defibrillation, and early advanced care. In the early 1990s, the American Heart Association (AHA) established the chain of survival to describe the sequence of actions for a successful resuscitation in the event of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective is to present a thorough review of the field as the starting point for these late developments and to underline the open questions and future lines of research to be explored in the following years. Moreover, new strategies for fast rhythm analysis during ventilation pauses or high-specificity algorithms have been reported. ![]() Recently, researchers have proposed a new methodology to measure this impact. In general, all the methods report low specificity values when tested on short ECG segments, but how to evaluate the real impact on CPR delivery of continuous rhythm analysis during CPR is still unknown. Most approaches are based either on adaptive filters to remove the CPR artifact or on robust algorithms which directly diagnose the corrupted ECG. In the last twenty years, research has been focused on designing methods for analysis of ECG during chest compressions. Unfortunately, interrupting CPR adversely affects survival. CPR must be interrupted for a reliable automated rhythm analysis because chest compressions induce artifacts in the ECG. Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depends largely on two factors: early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation. ![]()
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![]() ![]() These new metrics are automatically calculated, and are only available during Outdoor Run workouts. That last one measures your responsive energy demand and is displayed as a number of watts. Apple also added new running form metrics like stride length, ground contact time, vertical oscillation and something it calls Power. Runners will find a lot of the watchOS 9 tools helpful, though. Just don’t expect the custom workouts feature to behave the same way for all your exercises. Not every activity is going to be compatible with distance or pace, so this inconsistency is understandable. For others, like Open Water Swim or Rower, you’ll only see Calories and Time, along with a Custom option that lets you set specific periods of work and recovery. For some activities, you’ll have plenty of options like Pacer, Distance, Calories or Time. You can scroll all the way down to set up your own, but this experience is pretty inconsistent across different workout types. You’ll get haptic and audio alerts when you hit your target heart rate, distance, calories or time. This is much more useful in distance or endurance-related activities like running, cycling, rowing or HIIT, where Apple offers suggested templates like 8 x 400m repeats, 1 mile repeats or 20 min of 20 sec / 10 sec. They do all support the new custom workout feature, though, which lets you create specific goals to focus on during your session. The Cardio view is supposed to be available for all workouts, but I didn’t see it in activities like Yoga, Dance or Cooldown. Afterwards, I learned through the Fitness app’s new summary page that I had spent most of the time (about 22 minutes) in Zone 4, and Apple also helpfully displays the heart rate range for each zone. There were five zones in different colors on screen, and the one I was in was highlighted. It was satisfying to see where my heart rate was during a 45-minute HIIT session, and the Apple Watch displayed that information clearly. Of these new screens, my favorite is the Cardio Zones view, while I found the Activity Rings page the least helpful. Apple added pages that present more data when you’re logging an activity, so you can easily keep track of things like your segments and splits or elevations. Some of the most impactful updates are in workouts. That means if you don’t want to risk losing your data, you might want to wait until an official release before updating. To install the watchOS beta, you’ll need to have an Apple Watch Series 4 or newer, as well as an iPhone running the iOS 16 beta. Now that the public beta is here, we can get a first look at whether the company can close those gaps. With watchOS 9, the company is bringing a robust slate of Workout updates, alongside new watch faces, redesigned apps and the ability to detect sleep zones. He doesn’t run or cycle as much as he should.Apple may have the best smartwatch around, but there are still some areas where it lags the competition, particularly in exercise and sleep tracking. In his spare time, Dan enjoys spending time with his family, watching sport and drinking beer. Dan has also given talks on upcoming tech trends.ĭan is completely platform agnostic, equally at home on Windows, macOS, Android and iOS and uses all four on a regular basis. As a tech pundit, Dan has also been quizzed and quoted for a wide variety places including BBC World Service and News Online, Sky News Swipe, The Sun, BBC Radios 4 and 5Live and has also been interviewed on Channel 4 News, ITV News and Sky News. He has also written a book, 1000 Life Hacks, featuring lifestyle tips and tricks across various topics including tech, parenting, fashion, home and DIY. ![]() Dan has also written for a huge amount of magazines and websites including The Big Issue, MacFormat, Maximum PC, Official PlayStation magazine and Web User. He was also part of the team that launched TechRadar where he rose to deputy editor. Based near Bath, UK, Dan stepped up to Pocket-lint from T3.com where he relaunched the UK lifestyle and technology site after a spell launching and editing Lifehacker UK. He’s a regular at tech shows like CES, Mobile World Congress (MWC) and IFA as well as other launches and events. Pocket-Lint Recommendation: Nintendo Switchĭan Grabham is the former associate editor at Pocket-lint working across features, news and reviews and has extensive experience writing about computing, mobile and internet topics.Pocket-Lint Recommendations: Xbox Console.Pocket-Lint Recommendation: Google Nest.Pocket-Lint Recommendation: Amazon Echo Devices.Pocket-Lint Recommendations: Fire TV Stick. ![]() ![]() Notice that the two sections of the walkway converge into one. This walkway is made out of beige stamped concrete. Recommended Reading: Used John Deere Lawn Tractor Attachments Refresh The Walkway Or Sidewalk Gravel around flowering plants also helps to retain water. ![]() This means plants that do not need a lot of watering. The best choice is flowers and plants that are able to withstand a drought. You also want to create borders that are well maintained and easy to determine. Foot traffic can compact the dirt, soil, or mulch and can put wear and tear on the plants. The less maintenance a landscape needs, there will be less time in the space. ![]() When you want to keep your low landscaping maintenance, you want to keep it simple and clean, especially with smaller yards. Select some of the best spring bulbs and best summer bulbs for a low-effort way to add color to your front yard landscaping ideas.How to Landscape the Front of Your House |Part 1| You can then supplement these evergreens with seasonal blooms to introduce points of additional interest. ![]() Opting for evergreen plants creates year-round interest and means that you don't have to worry about your front yard looking neglected and bare during the colder months of the year. What plants look good in the front yard?Ĭamellias, boxwoods and hebes all look good in the front yard. Replacing an old parking spot with a new driveway design or repairing a crumbling front walls will create an elegant basis against which the rest of your front yard landscaping ideas will be able to shine. Updating the hard-landscaping in your front yard is another great way to make it more attractive. Adding color, texture and greenery to your space, flowering plants can breathe new life into your front yard landscaping ideas. How can I make my front yard more attractive?įlowering plants are a great way to make your front yard more attractive. How you divide this budget is down to you, but curb appeal, even if achieved simply and on a budget, is vital when you come to resell. How much does front yard landscaping cost?įront yard landscaping will, on average, cost around $15,000 – but what you spend really will come down to its size the intricacy – or simplicity – of the design the materials used (with off-the-shelf stone, for example, being much less expensive than special orders) and, of course the extent of the planting you are planning.Īs a general rule of thumb, we advise spending around 10% of the value of your home on the landscaping cost of both the front and back yard to get a good return on investment. ![]() However, tucked in the gravel panels are small succulents, giving this yard an unexpected and oh-so-charming edge. From larger pavers to gravel accents, it initially looks like this space is only focused on hardscaping. Integrate your mail box into your garden wallĪs this front yard from an Australian renovating company called Kyal & Kara (opens in new tab) proves, the devil lies in the details. If you're considering creating your own Mediterranean oasis in your front yard, be sure you know how to create a Mediterranean garden before you start. Mediterranean garden ideas are especially well suited to front garden landscaping ideas due to their low maintenance nature, try plants like agave, cypress and bougainvillea to give your plot structure and interest. Making our gardens more drought resistant is a great way to achieve a characterful and verdant space without the hassle and environmental challenges of regular watering. The alternative is to reduce the size of your lawn and increase the size of your garden beds, adding larger, more structural plants or other elements like a patio or a fire pit,' recommends David Angelov, founder of PlantParenthood (opens in new tab). The intensive lawn care process through the summer involves regular watering, mowing, and weeding as well as fertilizing and aerating. 'Lawns are not sustainable in the long run. Gardening is challenging in hot and dry climates, especially when it comes to lawns. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (You can find before-and-after photos of both Total FX and Fraxel treatments on Khorasani’s site.)Įither way, "Your face will look like you got a sunburn," Khorasani says. They cost less, and have an easier recovery, but can be less effective. These go by brand names such as Fraxel Restore. ![]() There are also nonablative lasers, which heat the tissue without actually destroying it. Depending on where you live, a treatment might run $2,000-$5,000. Your doctor might discuss ablative lasers like the brand Total FX. "You literally remove a part of the epidermis and a part of the dermis, and then it heals from the inside out." "An ablative resurfacing laser removes a column of the scar," says Hooman Khorasani, chief of dermatologic and cosmetic surgery at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine in New York City. How do you trigger that? By removing a tiny section of the scar, drilling down from the surface-a section so tiny that a common way to do it is with a laser. To get rid of these areas, you basically need a do-over on the healing. More rigid, less pliable, and without all the other structures like sweat glands and hair follicles that are usually part of your skin. View Gallery 5 Photosįirst, what is a scar? At some point when you picked at that pimple, and scratched off the scab (again and again), the collagen fibers in your skin healed in a new pattern. From erasing them with fillers to pricking them with tiny needles, here are five treatments to discuss with your doctor. You've also probably heard of options like laser resurfacing, but there are more ways to change the appearance of the scars, or even trick them into self-healing. What are the options? We've told you about topical treatments you can use, such as Olay's Regenerist Intensive Repair Treatment. That means getting rid of them requires a trip to a dermatologist, who will map out the treatment options for exactly your type of scar, and your type of skin. They look different, and the American Academy of Dermatology points out that they often have their own complex characteristics. Even worse, acne scars are different than other scars. The bad news: If you don’t catch it early enough, or treat it gently enough, you can end up with permanent scars. The good news: There are reliable ways to get rid of acne. Chances are, your mom kept telling you not to pick at it. Maybe it's a smattering of zits across both cheeks, or just one really stubborn pimple on your nose. Almost every guy goes through some kind of acne during his life, whether you're a teenager or have graduated college. ![]() ![]() ![]() The species has a brief annual larval settlement period, making the species' abundance extremely vulnerable to outside factors such as poor weather conditions. Conservation Ītlantic goliath groupers are highly susceptible to rapid population decline due to overfishing and the exploitation of spawning aggregations. ![]() The species has relatively small spawning aggregations of less than 150 individuals with no evidence of spawning outside of these aggregations. Females mature at around 125 centimeters (49 in), and at ages 6–8. ![]() Males become sexually mature at around 115 centimeters (45 in) in length, and at ages 4–6. The species has been hypothesized to be protogynous hermaphrodites, but this has yet to be confirmed. The Atlantic goliath grouper has a longevity of 37 years and reaches first maturity after 6 years, which leads to an estimated generation length of 21.5 years. Juvenile goliath groupers may remain in mangrove nursery habitats for 5 to 6 years before leaving towards deeper offshore reef habitats at around 1 meter in length. Mangroves serve as an essential nursery habitat for the Atlantic goliath grouper and necessitate specific suitable water conditions to nurture healthy, sustained goliath grouper populations. Juveniles mainly inhabit mangrove environments, but can also be found in holes and under ledges of swift tidal creeks that drain mangroves. The species can also be found in coral reef habitats, but are much more abundant in rocky reef environments. Habitat Īdult individuals are typically found in rocky reefs, wrecks, artificial reefs, and oil platforms. The species typically preys on slow moving fish and crustaceans. The pectoral fins are rounded and notably larger than the pelvic fins. The dorsal fins are continuous with the rays of the soft dorsal fin being longer than the spines of the first dorsal fin. The lower jaw has 3 to 5 rows of teeth with no front canines. The species has an elongate body with a broad, flat head and small eyes. Individuals less than 1 meter (3.3 feet) in length have 3 to 4 faint vertical bars present on their sides. The species ranges in coloration from brownish yellow to grey to greenish and has small black dots on the head, body and fins. The Atlantic goliath grouper can grow to lengths of 2.5 meters (8.2 feet) and weigh up to 363 kilograms (800 pounds). In 2001, the American Fisheries Society changed the name to "goliath grouper" after complaints that the nickname was culturally insensitive. In 1927, the New York Aquarium changed the fish's name to Junefish after protests. ![]() Alternate explanations include derivation from the Italian word " giupesce", which means "bottom fish", or mispronunciation of the name "jawfish". A 1996 review of the term's history from its first recorded usage in 1697 concluded that the species' physical characteristics were frequently connected to "mainstay caricatures of anti-Semitic beliefs", whereas the interpretation that the fish was regarded as kosher food had little support. The Atlantic goliath grouper was historically referred to as the "jewfish". The species has been observed at depths ranging from 1 to 100 meters (3.3 to 328.1 ft). In the east, the species ranges in West Africa from Senegal to Cabinda. In the west Pacific it ranges from Mexico to Peru. The species can be found in the west ranging from northeastern Florida, south throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and along South America to Brazil. The Atlantic goliath grouper or itajara ( Epinephelus itajara), also known as the jewfish, is a saltwater fish of the grouper family and one of the largest species of bony fish. |
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